WO1992014608A1 - Articles resistant a la penetration et procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Articles resistant a la penetration et procede de fabrication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992014608A1
WO1992014608A1 PCT/US1992/001412 US9201412W WO9214608A1 WO 1992014608 A1 WO1992014608 A1 WO 1992014608A1 US 9201412 W US9201412 W US 9201412W WO 9214608 A1 WO9214608 A1 WO 9214608A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
article
fibers
comprised
fiber
binder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/001412
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Homan B. Kinsley, Jr.
Original Assignee
Custom Papers Group, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Custom Papers Group, Inc. filed Critical Custom Papers Group, Inc.
Publication of WO1992014608A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992014608A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/24—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ballistic and puncture resistant articles of manufacture, as well as to a method of manufacture such articles.
  • the ballistic and puncture resistant articles of the present invention comprise high strength, high melting fibers such as polyaramid fibers.
  • Ballistic and puncture resistant articles formed from high strength fibers such as polyolefin and nylon (polyamide) fibers are known.
  • articles formed from high strength polyolefin fibers are known from a series of U.S. Patents assigned of record to Allied Corporation. These are:
  • Harpell et al patents listed above are particularly directed to ballistic- resistant articles formed by winding a continuous filament of the high strength polyethylene around a steel plate to form a network of parallel fibers. Harpell et al reported this construction was found to be superior to KEVLAR (trademark of Dupont for aramid yarn) in arresting projectile penetration.
  • KEVLAR fibers in the construction of puncture and ballistic resistent materials.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing such ballistic and puncture resistant articles that is easily adapted to an industrial scale, preferably by modifying
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide ballistic and puncture resistant articles that offer penetration resistance at least equal to articles of the prior art, but at significantly lower material basis weight, thereby greatly expanding the useful applications for such articles.
  • a ballistic resistant and/or puncture resistant wet-laid, non-woven structure comprised of high strength, high melting fibers, such as aramid fibers, and a binder which binds the fibers.
  • the degree of binding of the fibers and the basis weight of the wet-laid, non-woven structure are such as to impart penetration resistance to the structure.
  • the high strength, high melting fibers are KEVLAR aramid fibers, i.e., fibers of poly (p-phenylene
  • the structures are prepared using a wet-laid paper making technique, thereby permitting
  • the penetration resistant wet-laid, non-woven structure comprises as the binder a second fiber, e.g., an acrylic fiber, which is heat bondable to the surface of the high strength, high melting fibers.
  • the final structure is achieved by subjecting the wet-laid, non-woven structure to a heat bonding step.
  • the resulting wet-laid, non-woven structure can be used in the manufacture of a variety of
  • penetration resistant articles e.g., vests, gloves, jackets, wall coverings and structural panels.
  • the penetration resistant structures according to the invention are formed using conventional papermaking techniques, such as passing an aqueous slurry of aramid fibers and binder onto an endless wire screen, followed by dewatering and drying of the thus-formed sheet.
  • conventional papermaking techniques such as passing an aqueous slurry of aramid fibers and binder onto an endless wire screen, followed by dewatering and drying of the thus-formed sheet.
  • the penetration resistant structure of the present invention is therefore a wet-laid, non-woven structure comprised of a high strength, high melting fiber and a binder therefor.
  • Aramid fibers are the preferred high strength, high melting fibers for use in the structures of the present invention, with KEVLAR aramid fibers (KEVLAR being a trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours) being most preferred. While aramid fibers such as KEVLAR aramid fibers will be used in describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is intended to
  • high strength, high melting fibers which in general have a tenacity of at least 15 grams/denier, more preferably at least 20 grams/denier, an energy- to-break of at least 18 Joules/gram and a melting point of at least 200°C.
  • specific examples of such fibers include not only KEVLAR aramid and aramid copolymer fibers, but also polybenzobisthiazole (PBT) fibers, polybenzoxazole (PBO) fibers, liquid
  • Aramid copolymer 28 Does not melt 55
  • polyvinyl alcohol Two important factors in achieving a structure exhibiting penetration resistance in accordance with the present invention are the basis weight of the structure and the degree of binding which occurs. Both of these factors are affected by the relative amounts of fiber and the particular binder used.
  • the aramid fibers comprise a major amount of the wet-laid, non-woven structure, and more preferably at least 60% by weight, and most preferably at least 70% by weight.
  • the two foregoing factors are important in achieving penetration resistance as it is believed that the structure of the present invention works because of its unique capability of absorbing energy.
  • the degree of binding it is important to realize that the fibers cannot be too strongly bound by the binder, or the fibers are believed to simply break when struck by a bullet. If the fibers are too weakly bound by the binder, the fibers of the
  • penetration resistance for the purposes of the present invention is meant that a sheet of the material of the present invention will stop a
  • the relative amounts of fiber and binder used in preparing a structure of the present invention will vary based upon the particular binder used and the ultimate desired basis weight of the structure.
  • the binder can be any component, fibrous or non-fibrous, which can bind the fibers. Generally, the binding is achieved through a bonding of the binder with the fibers, however, the binding can also be purely physical or mechanical.
  • a fibrous binder is preferably a fiber which can be heat bonded to the surface of the matrix fiber, e.g., aramid fiber. Any suitable fiber, preferably synthetic, can be used as the binder fiber,
  • the wet-laid, non-woven penetration resistant structure comprises from about 70-80 wt % aramid fiber and from about 20-30 wt % acrylic fiber.
  • the last step in preparing the penetration resistant material of the present invention is to heat bond the non-woven material.
  • This heat bonding step can be achieved by any conventional technique, e.g., heating in an oven.
  • the temperature necessary to achieve heat bonding will vary depending on the second fiber employed.
  • non-fibrous binders examples include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol.
  • polyvinyl alcohol can be added as a powder to the furnish in preparing the wet-laid, non-woven structure.
  • Other powder or particulate binders can also be used.
  • the length of the aramid fiber used can vary, with about 3/4 inch being the most preferred length due to its availability and success achieved using such fiber. In general, as the length of the fiber increases, it is preferred that the relative denier of the fiber increases. Since longer fibers have more contact points, less binder may also be required to achieve optimum performance.
  • Refinement of the binder fiber may also warrant some consideration, as it goes to the bonding ability of the binder fiber with the aramid fibers.
  • 120 CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness, TAPPI T 227 om-85) acrylic fiber is preferred in general to 376 CSF acrylic fiber.
  • additives such as surfactants, can also be employed in the furnish.
  • the structures prepared can be used in the manufacture of many different penetration resistant articles of manufacture. Such articles generally incorporate the structure of the present invention as one of many layers.
  • the structure can be combined or covered with layers of fabric, paint, wallpaper or other synthetic polymers in the manufacture of vests, gloves, jackets and structural panels.
  • the method for manufacturing the non-woven structures of the present invention invokes the use of a foam furnish.
  • a foam furnish for it has been found that an excellent product is achieved when employing a foam furnish as the foam is believed to prevent entanglement of the fibers, which can cause lumps in the final material.
  • the use of a foam furnish in preparing a non-woven fibrous web is well-known to the art, and any of the conventional
  • hydroentangling process in preparing the wet-laid, non-woven web of the present invention.
  • the hydroentangling technique is generally employed prior to any activation of the binder, e.g., whether drying or heat-bonding.
  • Hydroentangling is a process for producing nonwoven fabrics by impinging a plurality of fine columnar streams of a fluid, such as water or air, onto a fibrous web carried by an apertured or patterned conveying means. There is thus produced a felt-like material in which even relatively short fibers can be mechanically intertwined without the d ⁇ unaging effects of needling.
  • a fluid such as water or air
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,485,706 the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, to the extent not inconsistent
  • hydroentangled fabric is produced wherein the
  • apertures in the fabric correspond to knuckles in the wire screen used to support and convey the fibrous web.
  • Patterned supporting means are disclosed for imparting to the resulting hydroentangled fabric a desired ornamental appearance.
  • Handsheets were prepared, whose formulations were both within and without the scope of the present invention, and subjected to ballistic testing to determine their penetration resistance.
  • Handsheets were prepared by the procedure defined in TAPPI T 205 om-88 with the following modifications.
  • the sheet machine was of the Noble Wood (eight inch by eight inch) design. Approximately 4.03 grams of the fiber and binder were added to the British disintegrator to form a 60 pound per 3000 square foot basis weight handsheet.
  • the sheet was formed on a wire mesh which had been placed on top of the fixed wire mesh in the handsheet machine.
  • the wet sheet and wire was transferred to a Noble Wood wet press.
  • the sheet and wire was pressed in between wet felts as a press pressure of 50 pounds per inch width.
  • the dewatered sheet was then removed from the forming wire and dried on a steam heated drum. This was followed by heat bonding where noted at a suitable temperature.
  • the handsheets thus formed measured 8 inches by 8 inches square, and were formed so as to have a basis weight of 60 pounds per 3000 square feet.
  • the specimens tested could easily be increased 2, 4 or 8 times by folding one of these sheets once, twice or three times, respectively.
  • the specimens tested thus tend to have basis weights increasing by multiples of eight, because the basis weight of a specimen was generally increased y adding an additional 8 inch by 8 inch sheet that had been folded three times.
  • the specimens tested were backed either by plywood or by clay. The first tests were run with plywood as the backing. When plywood backing was used, the plywood had a hole where the bullet was expected to pass (or not pass, depending on whether the specimen stopped the bullet). Clay backing was also used, primarily since modeling clay is the backing used for determining the ballistic
  • the muzzle velocity of these bullets is about 1440 feet per second.
  • the target was located about three feet from the muzzle of the rifle.
  • Pulpex is a trademark of Hercules Corporation for their short fiber polyethylene synthetic pulp. The Pulpex was used in its commercially available form.
  • KEVLAR is a trademark of E.I. DuPont de
  • Nemours Co. for their aramid fiber.
  • the cut length of the aramid fiber used was 3/4 inch.
  • "Melty” is a 4 denier x 5 mm co-polyester binder fiber available from Unitika of Japan.
  • 87PW061 refers to a polyacrylamide aqueous emulsion available from Nalco, and is a water
  • AT-2 is a polyurethane resin available from Rhom & Haas and is used as a water thickener and dispersing agent.
  • AOK is an alpha-olefin sulfonate surfactant, available in flake from Arco.
  • CasChem 318 refers to a nonionic surfactant wetting/dispersing agent available from Cas Chem.
  • L62 refers to Plurionic L62, which is a polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block copolymer useful as a wetting/dispersing agent, marketed by BASF.
  • NVF is a binder fiber supplied by Chori
  • Spongid is a high molecular weight polyethylene fiber supplied by Allied Fiber of Allied Signal
  • Marathon Softwood is a Northern Softwood kraft pulp manufactured by James River Corporation.
  • Basis Weight is in units of lb/3000 ft 2 , and refers to the basis weight of the specimen tested.
  • the bullet would sometimes penetrate fairly deeply into the clay backing, yet fail completely to rupture the paper-like structure of the specimen.

Abstract

L'invention décrit un article résistant à la pénétration et comprenant une structure particulière non tissée et formée à l'état humide. Ladite structure est composée de fibres très résistantes et possédant un point de fusion élevé, telles que des fibres d'aramide, ainsi que d'un liant servant à agglutiner les fibres. L'agglutination des fibres et le poids de base de ladite structure non tissée et formée à l'état humide sont suffisants pour rendre ladite structure résistante à la pénétration. La structure obtenue, ainsi que l'article produit au moyen de ladite structure, présentent une excellente résistance à la pénétration et permettent de réaliser une fabrication efficace et économique.
PCT/US1992/001412 1991-02-26 1992-02-26 Articles resistant a la penetration et procede de fabrication WO1992014608A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66084891A 1991-02-26 1991-02-26
US660,848 1991-02-26
US67594991A 1991-03-27 1991-03-27
US675,949 1991-03-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992014608A1 true WO1992014608A1 (fr) 1992-09-03

Family

ID=27098198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1992/001412 WO1992014608A1 (fr) 1991-02-26 1992-02-26 Articles resistant a la penetration et procede de fabrication

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1797992A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992014608A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994009336A1 (fr) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Fil enchevetre a haute resistance
US5397627A (en) * 1992-10-13 1995-03-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Fabric having reduced air permeability
WO1998026924A2 (fr) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Bps Bowas Protection Systems Ges.M.B.H. & Co. Kg. Materiau stratifie pare-balles et resistant aux chocs
US6147018A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-11-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hybrid protective composite
US6162746A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-12-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hybrid protective composite
US6268301B1 (en) 1992-03-25 2001-07-31 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Ballistic-resistant article and process for making the same
US7354875B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2008-04-08 Teijin Twaron Gmbh Stab resistant and anti-ballistic material and method of making the same
WO2011157892A1 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 Ahlstrom Corporation Support fibreux parcheminé contenant des fibres synthétiques parcheminables et procédé de fabrication associé
CN113366552A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2021-09-07 艾迪·达美·莫拉 用于装饰时装或装饰性物品和人体肢体的可纹身元件

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4199388A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-04-22 Geonautics, Inc. Method for making a multi-ply continuous filament ballistic helmet
US4716062A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-12-29 Max Klein Composite materials, their preparation and articles made therefrom
US4726987A (en) * 1987-04-03 1988-02-23 Gates Formed-Fibre Products, Inc. Fire retardant structural textile panel
US4929495A (en) * 1986-10-20 1990-05-29 The B.F. Goodrich Company Nonwoven fabric coated with carboxylated acrylate polymers, and process for making the nonwoven fabric

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4199388A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-04-22 Geonautics, Inc. Method for making a multi-ply continuous filament ballistic helmet
US4716062A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-12-29 Max Klein Composite materials, their preparation and articles made therefrom
US4929495A (en) * 1986-10-20 1990-05-29 The B.F. Goodrich Company Nonwoven fabric coated with carboxylated acrylate polymers, and process for making the nonwoven fabric
US4726987A (en) * 1987-04-03 1988-02-23 Gates Formed-Fibre Products, Inc. Fire retardant structural textile panel

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6268301B1 (en) 1992-03-25 2001-07-31 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Ballistic-resistant article and process for making the same
WO1994009336A1 (fr) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Fil enchevetre a haute resistance
US5397627A (en) * 1992-10-13 1995-03-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Fabric having reduced air permeability
US5773370A (en) * 1992-10-13 1998-06-30 Alliedsignal Inc. Entangled high strength yarn
WO1998026924A2 (fr) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Bps Bowas Protection Systems Ges.M.B.H. & Co. Kg. Materiau stratifie pare-balles et resistant aux chocs
WO1998026924A3 (fr) * 1996-12-19 1998-08-13 Bps Bowas Prot Systems G Materiau stratifie pare-balles et resistant aux chocs
US6162746A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-12-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hybrid protective composite
US6147018A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-11-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hybrid protective composite
US7354875B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2008-04-08 Teijin Twaron Gmbh Stab resistant and anti-ballistic material and method of making the same
EP1476711B2 (fr) † 2002-02-08 2009-12-02 Teijin Twaron GmbH Materiau antiballistique et resistant aux coups de couteau
US8067317B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2011-11-29 Teijin Aramid Gmbh Stab resistant and anti-ballistic material and method of making the same
WO2011157892A1 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 Ahlstrom Corporation Support fibreux parcheminé contenant des fibres synthétiques parcheminables et procédé de fabrication associé
US9809925B2 (en) 2010-06-15 2017-11-07 Ahlstrom-Munksjö Oyj Parchmentized fibrous support containing parchmentizable synthetic fibers and method of manufacturing the same
CN113366552A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2021-09-07 艾迪·达美·莫拉 用于装饰时装或装饰性物品和人体肢体的可纹身元件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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