WO1991004855A1 - Articles resistant aux balles et methode de fabrication de ces derniers - Google Patents
Articles resistant aux balles et methode de fabrication de ces derniers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991004855A1 WO1991004855A1 PCT/US1990/005137 US9005137W WO9104855A1 WO 1991004855 A1 WO1991004855 A1 WO 1991004855A1 US 9005137 W US9005137 W US 9005137W WO 9104855 A1 WO9104855 A1 WO 9104855A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- type
- ballistic
- weight
- resistant article
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/14—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene polyethylene
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
- F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ballistic- resistant articles of manufacture, as well as to a method of manufacture thereof.
- the ballistic-resistant articles of the present invention comprise high strength polyolefin fibers.
- Ballistic-resistant articles formed from high strength polyolefin fibers are known from a series of U.S. Patents assigned of record to Allied Corporation. These are:
- Another Allied Corporation patent directed to high strength polyethylene fiber is Kavesh et al f U.S. Patent No. 4,413,110.
- the filament described in the above patents is a preferred ingredient for use in forming the ballistic-resistant articles according to the present invention. Accordingly, the disclosure of the above patents is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, to the extent not inconsistent herewith.
- Harpell et al patents listed above are directed to ballistic-resistant articles formed by winding a continuous filament of the high strength polyethylene around a steel plate to form a network of parallel fibers. This construction was found to be superior to KEVLAR (trademark of Dupont for aramid yarn) in arresting projectile penetration.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide ballistic resistant articles that offer penetration resistance equal to articles of the prior art, but at significantly lower material basis weight, thereby greatly expanding the useful applications for such articles.
- ballistic resistant articles having as a principal ingredient the high strength polyolefin filament discussed above, but in which that filament has been converted to discrete fibers of a much shorter and definite length, and in which those discrete fibers have been formed into an agglomerated web together with a minor amount of much shorter polyolefin fibers.
- the ballistic resistant articles according to the present invention are preferably formed by conventional papermaking techniques. In this manner, a uniform web of the high strength fibers can be readily generated, and the process can La carried out on an industrial scale without extensive original plant design.
- the present invention relates in one aspect to ballistic resistant articles of manufacture comprising an agglomerated web of discrete fibers formed from (1) polyolefin filament having, in the case of polyethylene filament, a weight average molecular weight of at least about 500,000, a tensile modulus of at least about 300 g/denier and a tenacity of at least about 15 g/denier, and in the case of polypropylene filament, a weight average molecular weight of at least 750,000, a tensile modulus of at least about 160 g/denier and a tenacity of at least about 8 g/denier; and (2) high density polyolefin fibers having an average fiber length of about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm; said article having a sufficient thickness to absorb the energy of a projectile.
- the present invention relates to a process for making such ballistic-resistant articles, in which an aqueous slurry of the two types of fibers is de-watered on a wire screen, to form the agglomerated web according to the invention.
- a high strength polyolefin filament such as that described in the aforementioned Allied patents is converted, for use in the present invention, to fibers having a length from about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches. preferably from about 0.5 to about 1 inch, and optimally about 0.75 inch (referred to hereinafter as "long fiber") .
- This fiber is then formed into an aqueous slurry together with a lesser amount of high density polyethylene fiber having an average fiber length of about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm, preferably about 0.6 to about 1.2 mm (referred to hereinafter as "short fiber").
- the slurry is then converted to an agglomerated web, for example by using a Fourdrinier wire and appropriate suction rolls.
- compositions containing from about 75 to about 85% long fiber and from about 15 to about 25% short fiber Compositions containing from about 65 to about 95% long fiber and from about 5 to about 35% short fiber, however, are also within the scope of the invention.
- the optimum ratio of long fiber to short fiber may also be expressed as preferably 65 to 95 parts long fiber to 35 to 5 parts short fiber, more preferably 75 to 85 parts long fiber to 25 to 15 parts short fiber.
- the ballistic-resistant articles according to the invention are formed using conventional papermaking techniques, such as passing an aqueous slurry of the admixed long and short fibers onto an endless wire screen, followed by dewatering and drying of the thus- formed sheet.
- the sheet is then heat-treated with or without pressure as is known to those skilled in the paper-making art.
- the heat treatment is generally of sufficient temperature and pressure to melt or sinter the short fiber, which results in a bonding of the long fibers. It will be appreciated that in such process, what might otherwise be a conventional technique interacts with the materials employed to form a resultant product having properties of penetration resistance that could not have been predicted from the starting materials and technique alone.
- Hydroentangling is a process for producing nonwoven fabrics by impinging a plurality of fine columnar streams of a fluid, such as water or air, onto a fibrous web carried by an apertured or patterned conveying means. There is thus produced a felt-like material in which even relatively short fibers can be mechanically intertwined without the damaging effects of needling.
- a fluid such as water or air
- U.S. Patent No. 3,485,706 the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, to the extent not inconsistent herewith.
- an apertured hydroentangled fabric is produced wherein the apertures in the fabric correspond to knuckles in the wire screen used to support and convey the fibrous web.
- Patterned supporting means are disclosed for imparting to the resulting hydroentangled fabric a desired ornamental appearance.
- a series of experimental handsheets were prepared, whose formulations were both within and without the scope of the present invention, and subjected to ballistic testing to determine their penetration resistance.
- the handsheets were prepared by dewatering an aqueous slurry of the constituent ingredients, to form an agglomerated web, followed by drying on a steam-heated drum and bonding in a 130°C oven for ten minutes.
- the handsheets thus formed measured 8 inches by 8 inches square, and were formed so as to have a basis weight of 60 pounds per 3000 square feet.
- the basis weight of a specimen to be subjected to ballistic testing could easily be increased 2, 4 or 8 times by folding one of these sheets once, twice or three times, respectively.
- the specimens tested thus tend to have basis weights increasing by multiples of eight, because the basis weight of a specimen was generally increased by adding an additional 8 inch by 8 inch sheet that had been folded three times.
- the specimens tested were backed either by plywood or by clay.
- the first tests were run with plywood as the backing. When plywood backing was used, the plywood had a hole formed where the bullet was expected to pass (or not pass, depending on whether the specimen stopped the bullet) .
- Clay backing was also used, primarily since modeling clay is the backing used for determining the ballistic resistance of body armor (U.S. Department of Justice - National Institute of Justice, NIJ Standard 0101.03).
- the firing was done with a .22 caliber rifle using Winchester high velocity .22 caliber long rifle bullets. According to literature published by Winchester, the muzzle velocity of these bullets is about 1440 feet per second. The target was located about three feet from the muzzle of the rifle.
- Caschem - a surfactant based on a castor oil soap (glycerol monoricinolate CAS- 1323382) , 0.5 g/handsheet added for formation improvement
- the present invention operates on an entirely different principle than the prior art discussed above, owing to its unique structure and attendant properties.
- Harpell et al patents and in woven Kevlar fabrics, when a bullet strikes the wound or woven filament, the kinetic energy of the bullet causes the filament to rupture.
- the filament is present as relatively short fibers in a randomly oriented paper-like agglomeration.
- the predominant mechanism is one in which the relatively short fibers are caused not to rupture, but rather to be pulled out from the entangled paper-like structure. It has been found that more kinetic energy is consumed by pulling a fiber out of an entangled structure than by rupturing a fiber.
- Fabric basis weight 1079 lb/ream or 1.76 kg/m 2
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP91501026A JPH05507547A (ja) | 1989-09-28 | 1990-09-14 | 抗弾道性物品及びその製造方法 |
BR909007695A BR9007695A (pt) | 1989-09-28 | 1990-09-14 | Artigos resistentes a balas e metodo para sua producao |
NO92921201A NO921201L (no) | 1989-09-28 | 1992-03-27 | Skuddsikre artikler samt fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling derav |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41374389A | 1989-09-28 | 1989-09-28 | |
US413,743 | 1989-09-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991004855A1 true WO1991004855A1 (fr) | 1991-04-18 |
Family
ID=23638434
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1990/005137 WO1991004855A1 (fr) | 1989-09-28 | 1990-09-14 | Articles resistant aux balles et methode de fabrication de ces derniers |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0494269A4 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH05507547A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6899191A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9007695A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2066772A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991004855A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993020271A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-14 | Dsm N.V. | Couche non tissee sensiblement constituee de fibres polyolefiniques courtes |
WO1994009336A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-04-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Fil enchevetre a haute resistance |
US5397627A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-03-14 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Fabric having reduced air permeability |
EP0645597A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-29 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Article anti-balistique texturé |
NL1003565C2 (nl) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-15 | Dsm Nv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vilt, een vilt verkrijgbaar volgens deze werkwijze en antiballistische vormdelen vervaardigd van dat vilt. |
WO1998002607A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-22 | Dsm N.V. | Procede de fabrication d'un feutre, feutre ainsi fabrique et pieces profilees anti-balistiques fabriquees a partir de ce feutre |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4808467A (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1989-02-28 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | High strength hydroentangled nonwoven fabric |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4403012A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-06 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant article |
US4501856A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1985-02-26 | Allied Corporation | Composite containing polyolefin fiber and polyolefin polymer matrix |
US4457985A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1984-07-03 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant article |
US4681792A (en) * | 1985-12-09 | 1987-07-21 | Allied Corporation | Multi-layered flexible fiber-containing articles |
US4820568A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-04-11 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Composite and article using short length fibers |
-
1990
- 1990-09-14 CA CA 2066772 patent/CA2066772A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1990-09-14 AU AU68991/91A patent/AU6899191A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-09-14 JP JP91501026A patent/JPH05507547A/ja active Pending
- 1990-09-14 EP EP19910900520 patent/EP0494269A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-09-14 WO PCT/US1990/005137 patent/WO1991004855A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-09-14 BR BR909007695A patent/BR9007695A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4808467A (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1989-02-28 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | High strength hydroentangled nonwoven fabric |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0494269A4 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993020271A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-14 | Dsm N.V. | Couche non tissee sensiblement constituee de fibres polyolefiniques courtes |
US5569528A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1996-10-29 | Dsm N.V. | Non-woven layer consisting substantially of short polyolefin fibers |
CN1038055C (zh) * | 1992-04-03 | 1998-04-15 | Dsm有限公司 | 非织造层状物及其制造方法和其应用 |
WO1994009336A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-04-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Fil enchevetre a haute resistance |
US5397627A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-03-14 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Fabric having reduced air permeability |
US5773370A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1998-06-30 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Entangled high strength yarn |
EP0645597A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-29 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Article anti-balistique texturé |
US5567498A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1996-10-22 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Textured ballistic article |
US5804015A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1998-09-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Textured ballistic article |
NL1003565C2 (nl) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-15 | Dsm Nv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vilt, een vilt verkrijgbaar volgens deze werkwijze en antiballistische vormdelen vervaardigd van dat vilt. |
WO1998002607A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-22 | Dsm N.V. | Procede de fabrication d'un feutre, feutre ainsi fabrique et pieces profilees anti-balistiques fabriquees a partir de ce feutre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9007695A (pt) | 1992-07-21 |
JPH05507547A (ja) | 1993-10-28 |
AU6899191A (en) | 1991-04-28 |
EP0494269A1 (fr) | 1992-07-15 |
EP0494269A4 (en) | 1993-03-17 |
CA2066772A1 (fr) | 1991-03-29 |
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