EP2063214A1 - Ballistic protective device - Google Patents

Ballistic protective device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2063214A1
EP2063214A1 EP20080169725 EP08169725A EP2063214A1 EP 2063214 A1 EP2063214 A1 EP 2063214A1 EP 20080169725 EP20080169725 EP 20080169725 EP 08169725 A EP08169725 A EP 08169725A EP 2063214 A1 EP2063214 A1 EP 2063214A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
fabric
layers
fibers
resin
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Granted
Application number
EP20080169725
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2063214B1 (en
Inventor
Karine Thoral-Pierre
Benoît Clement
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TDA Armements SAS
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TDA Armements SAS
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Publication of EP2063214A1 publication Critical patent/EP2063214A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24124—Fibers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
    • Y10T442/2623—Ballistic resistant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ballistic protection device. It applies for example for the protection of vehicles or people against ballistic type attacks.
  • Ballistic protection devices equip various types of structures, equipment or people.
  • light vehicles likely to move in hostile territory, reconnaissance mission for example, are equipped with a ballistic protection.
  • the primary purpose of these devices is to effectively protect against ballistic aggression, including piercing projectiles.
  • they comprise in particular one or more layers of steels generally associated with ceramic layers, all these layers being fixed together by glue joints or by screwed studs.
  • These assemblies thus form shield panels capable of withstanding piercing projectiles of greater or lesser size and very high kinetic energy.
  • These panels have several disadvantages.
  • a first disadvantage is their weight and low maneuverability. In particular the materials constituting these panels and their necessary thicknesses give the whole a significant weight coupled with a lack of flexibility of use.
  • a second disadvantage lies in the lack of adaptation of these devices to more or less complex shapes.
  • the protective panels used can not fit all kinds of shapes. For practical reasons, the dimensions of the panels can not fall below a certain surface, which limits the possible shapes, in particular the rounded shapes are excluded.
  • Another drawback comes in particular angles, or edges, protruding that can present these forms composed of flat panels. In particular, these angles or salient edges are easily identifiable by radar systems.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for protecting against ballistic projectiles, comprising at least three layers of synthetic fabrics forming the reinforcements of the same piece obtained by resin transfer molding.
  • the fabric is for example composed of woven fibers in two dimensions, the warp and weft forming between them an angle less than or equal to 90 °.
  • the first layer, projectile oriented is composed of aramid fiber fabric.
  • the middle layer is made of fabric having glass fibers crossed with carbon fibers.
  • the middle layer is for example woven in three dimensions, the glass fibers and the carbon fibers being woven in two dimensions, the fibers of the glasses being oriented in a first direction and the carbon fibers being oriented in a second direction.
  • the two directions can cross at an angle less than or equal to 90 °, for example between 30 ° and 60 °.
  • These woven reinforcements, superimposed two by two, are linked together to ensure cohesion in the third direction.
  • the third layer is for example composed of fabric reinforcements linked two by two by the weaving process in the third direction.
  • a set of two woven reinforcements connected in pairs comprises a first carbon fiber reinforcement bonded to the second aramid fiber.
  • the fabric of the third layer comprises for example a finer mesh than that of the other layers.
  • Each layer has a stack of tissue layers, the number of layers of tissue depending on the desired thickness.
  • the thickness of the third layer is half the thickness of the middle layer.
  • the resin may be a phenolic resin.
  • the proportion of resin is for example 30% and the proportion of fabrics is 70%.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show an example of a ballistic protection panel 1 according to the prior art.
  • This panel comprises several layers 11, 12, 13 juxtaposed, fixed together by adhesive layers of adhesive 10 or threaded studs 14.
  • the outer layer is for example of ceramic material while the central layer 12 is made of steel, the layer 13 of composite type material.
  • the panel is more or less heavy. In all cases of application, its weight is an obstacle.
  • the layers 11, 12 may also during the impact of a ballistic projectile produce rear effects such as splinters. These effects are generally harmful or even dangerous for the environment, especially for people.
  • the figure 2 presents an assembly of panels 1 of the type of that of the figure 1 for an application of a material 21.
  • the assembly made as close as possible to the shape of this material 21, but not optimally.
  • the two panels are interconnected at their slices forming a projecting angle 22 because of the adopted contour. This angle can facilitate the detection of the whole by radar systems, notably by increasing the equivalent radar surface.
  • the figure 3 presents an exemplary possible embodiment of a protection device according to the invention.
  • the device is represented by a partial sectional view. The part shown is flat but it can advantageously take all kinds of other forms.
  • the panel of the figure 3 is formed of a monoblock composite material comprising three layers 31, 32, 33 integral formed in the same mold.
  • the first layer 31 is disposed on the side of the threat, in this case the arrival of a ballistic projectile 30. It is for example composed of aramid fibers embedded in resin. The fibers are previously dry woven according to a two-dimensional weave. The dry fabric forms the reinforcement of the layer 31, several layers of tissue being necessary to obtain the desired thickness of the layer 31 obtained by resin transfer molding, as will be described later.
  • the Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the principle of producing a two-dimensional weave, respectively by a sectional view and a top view. Classically, the meshes cross in two dimensions, that is to say in a plane, forming a regular reinforcement. The figure 4b shows an example where the threads of the weft and warp intersect perpendicularly.
  • the first layer 31 has for example a thickness of the order of 1 to 1.5 millimeters.
  • the number of reinforcements superimposed to obtain the desired thickness can be determined a priori.
  • This first layer caliber at least the penetration diameter, it decreases the depth of penetration. It also prevents the aforementioned rear effects.
  • the second layer 32 comprises glass fibers and carbon fibers fixed in the matrix. These fibers are previously woven dry, according to a weaving in three dimensions, for example. This dry fabric forms the reinforcement of the layer 32.
  • the figures 5a 5b and 5c illustrate the principle of making a weaving in three dimensions.
  • This weave comprises a first fiber reinforcement 51 and 51 'according to a planar weave, in two dimensions, of the type of that of Figures 4a and 4b .
  • this reinforcement is for example composed of glass fibers 51 in one direction and carbon fibers 51 'in the other direction.
  • these two directions can be oriented at an angle less than or equal to 90 °, for example between 30 ° and 90 °.
  • a second reinforcement identical to the first positioned in mirror symmetry with respect to the first.
  • the cohesion of the two reinforcements in the third direction is done, either by sewing with threads 52, or by a glue film 53.
  • This second layer has a preponderant role insofar as it breaks the projectile or the block, and dissipates the energy due to shock.
  • the size of the meshes of the weaving is particularly adapted to the diameter of the projectiles.
  • the thickness it is also adapted to the type of projectile and in particular its penetrating power. A thickness of the order of 50 to 80 millimeters may be necessary.
  • the necessary woven reinforcements are stacked in sufficient number to obtain the desired thickness.
  • the third layer 33 is for example composed of woven reinforcements linked in pairs in the weaving process, these reinforcements then being juxtaposed to obtain the desired thickness.
  • a first reinforcement comprises a first ply, for example made of carbon fiber or fiberglass, bonded to a second ply by passing a weft or warp thread from the first ply into the second ply, for example aramid fiber in the case of this layer 33.
  • the figure 6 illustrates one type of possible link between the two reinforcements.
  • a first reinforcement 61 is seen from above.
  • the weaving of the reinforcements is for example made according to a fine mesh.
  • this third layer 33 cash the residual deformation of the second layer 32, dissipates the shock wave.
  • the third layer 33 has for example a thickness of the order of half the thickness of the second layer 32.
  • the thicknesses of the layers are adapted to the desired level of protection.
  • Protective layers 34, 35 are for example fixed on each side of the assembly formed of the three layers 31, 32, 33. A conductive film or a suitable paint may be applied to these layers.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a known method of producing a composite material part obtained by resin transfer molding.
  • the three layers 31, 32, 33 are molded with resin, in one piece, to form a single-piece composite material. More particularly, all the layers are wetted at the same time by the resin. They are not stuck together.
  • the set of three layers is formed of superimposed fabrics 71, 72, 73. Each layer is characterized by its type of fabric.
  • the number of tissue layers of each layer 31, 32, 33 depends on the level or type of protection sought as indicated above.
  • These layers are stacked at the bottom of a mold 70, shown in section, whose inner shape corresponds to the shape that is sought to give the protective device. A very large number of forms is thus possible.
  • the top of the mold is closed by a cover 74, in fact a semi-permeable plastic cover. Seals 75 arranged between the cover and the mold make it possible to seal and thus to close the mold.
  • a vacuum pump 77 is activated. This is connected by a conduit 78 inside the mold. This conduit 78 opens at a location at the level of the tissue layers, substantially opposite that which opens the arrival 76 of resin.
  • liquid resin is sent to the inside of the mold by a suitable conduit 76 placed so that the resin penetrates all the layers.
  • spot thicknesses of tissue may be made in some places to make reinforcements or to contain inserts.
  • the resin used may be epoxy resin or phenolic resin. This last type of resin has the particular advantage of being a very good thermal insulator, which improves the fire resistance.
  • the proportion of resin, forming the matrix can be for example of the order of 30% and the proportion of tissue can be of the order of 70% .
  • Such a structure provides a very significant weight gain while ensuring a very good mechanical strength as demonstrated by the tests performed by the Applicant.

Abstract

The device has three synthetic fabric layers (31-33) forming reinforcements of a single piece obtained by transfer molding of phenolic resin, where the device is constituted by 30 percentages of the resin and 70 percentages of fabrics. The layer (32) includes a fabric with glass fibers crossed with carbon fibers. The fabric of the layer (33) includes a mesh that is fine than that of the layers (31, 32), where each layer includes a stack of fabric layers. The layer (33) includes thickness that is half of thickness of the layer (32).

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection balistique. Elle s'applique par exemple pour la protection de véhicules ou de personnes contre des agressions de type balistique.The present invention relates to a ballistic protection device. It applies for example for the protection of vehicles or people against ballistic type attacks.

Les dispositifs de protection balistique équipent divers types de structures, de matériels ou de personnes. A titre d'exemple, les véhicules légers susceptibles de se déplacer en territoire hostile, en mission de reconnaissance par exemple, sont équipés d'une protection balistique.
Le but premier de ces dispositifs est de protéger efficacement contre les agressions balistiques, notamment des projectiles perforants. A cet effet, ils comportent notamment une ou plusieurs couches d'aciers généralement associées à des couches de céramique, toutes ces couches étant fixées entre elles par des joints de colle ou par goujons vissés. Ces assemblages forment ainsi des panneaux boucliers capables de résister à des projectiles perforants de plus ou moins grande taille et de très forte énergie cinétique.
Ces panneaux présentent plusieurs inconvénients. Un premier inconvénient tient à leur poids et à leur faible maniabilité. En particulier les matériaux constituant ces panneaux ainsi que leurs épaisseurs nécessaires donnent à l'ensemble un poids important doublé d'un manque de souplesse d'utilisation.
Un deuxième inconvénient réside dans le manque d'adaptation de ces dispositifs à des formes plus ou moins complexes. Les panneaux protecteurs utilisés ne peuvent épouser toutes sortes de formes. Pour des raisons pratiques, les dimensions des panneaux ne peuvent descendre en dessous d'une certaine surface, ce qui limite les formes possibles, en particulier les formes arrondies sont exclues.
Un autre inconvénient provient notamment des angles, ou des arêtes, saillants que peuvent présenter ces formes composées de panneaux plans. En particulier ces angles ou arêtes saillants sont facilement repérables par des systèmes radar.Ballistic protection devices equip various types of structures, equipment or people. For example, light vehicles likely to move in hostile territory, reconnaissance mission for example, are equipped with a ballistic protection.
The primary purpose of these devices is to effectively protect against ballistic aggression, including piercing projectiles. For this purpose, they comprise in particular one or more layers of steels generally associated with ceramic layers, all these layers being fixed together by glue joints or by screwed studs. These assemblies thus form shield panels capable of withstanding piercing projectiles of greater or lesser size and very high kinetic energy.
These panels have several disadvantages. A first disadvantage is their weight and low maneuverability. In particular the materials constituting these panels and their necessary thicknesses give the whole a significant weight coupled with a lack of flexibility of use.
A second disadvantage lies in the lack of adaptation of these devices to more or less complex shapes. The protective panels used can not fit all kinds of shapes. For practical reasons, the dimensions of the panels can not fall below a certain surface, which limits the possible shapes, in particular the rounded shapes are excluded.
Another drawback comes in particular angles, or edges, protruding that can present these forms composed of flat panels. In particular, these angles or salient edges are easily identifiable by radar systems.

Un but de l'invention est notamment de pallier les inconvénients précités. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de protection contre des projectiles balistiques, comportant au moins trois couches de tissus synthétiques formant les renforts d'une même pièce obtenue par moulage par transfert de résine.
Dans la première couche, le tissu est par exemple composé de fibres tissées en deux dimensions, la chaîne et la trame faisant entre elles un angle inférieur ou égal à 90°.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la première couche, orientée vers les projectiles, est composée de tissu de fibres d'aramide.
la couche du milieu est constituée de tissu comportant des fibres de verres croisées avec des fibres de carbone.
La couche du milieu est par exemple tissée en trois dimensions, les fibres de verres et les fibres de carbone étant tissées dans deux dimensions, les fibres des verres étant orientées selon une première direction et les fibres de carbone étant orientées selon une deuxième direction.
Les deux directions peuvent se croiser selon un angle inférieur ou égal à 90°, par exemple compris entre 30 ° et 60°.
Ces renforts tissés, superposés deux à deux, sont liés entre eux pour assurer une cohésion dans la troisième direction.An object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device for protecting against ballistic projectiles, comprising at least three layers of synthetic fabrics forming the reinforcements of the same piece obtained by resin transfer molding.
In the first layer, the fabric is for example composed of woven fibers in two dimensions, the warp and weft forming between them an angle less than or equal to 90 °.
In a particular embodiment, the first layer, projectile oriented, is composed of aramid fiber fabric.
the middle layer is made of fabric having glass fibers crossed with carbon fibers.
The middle layer is for example woven in three dimensions, the glass fibers and the carbon fibers being woven in two dimensions, the fibers of the glasses being oriented in a first direction and the carbon fibers being oriented in a second direction.
The two directions can cross at an angle less than or equal to 90 °, for example between 30 ° and 60 °.
These woven reinforcements, superimposed two by two, are linked together to ensure cohesion in the third direction.

La troisième couche est par exemple composée de renforts de tissus liés deux à deux par le procédé de tissage dans la troisième direction.
Un ensemble de deux renforts tissés liés deux à deux comporte un premier renfort en fibres de carbone lié au deuxième en fibres d'aramide.
Le tissu de la troisième couche comporte par exemple un maillage plus fin que celui des autres couches.
Chaque couche comporte un empilement de couches de tissus, le nombre de couches de tissu dépendant de l'épaisseur souhaitée.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'épaisseur de la troisième couche est moitié de l'épaisseur de la couche du milieu.
Avantageusement, la résine peut-être une résine phénolique.
La proportion de résine est par exemple de 30% et la proportion de tissus est de 70%.The third layer is for example composed of fabric reinforcements linked two by two by the weaving process in the third direction.
A set of two woven reinforcements connected in pairs comprises a first carbon fiber reinforcement bonded to the second aramid fiber.
The fabric of the third layer comprises for example a finer mesh than that of the other layers.
Each layer has a stack of tissue layers, the number of layers of tissue depending on the desired thickness.
In a particular embodiment, the thickness of the third layer is half the thickness of the middle layer.
Advantageously, the resin may be a phenolic resin.
The proportion of resin is for example 30% and the proportion of fabrics is 70%.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à l'aide de la description qui suit faite en regard de dessins annexés qui représentent :

  • les figures 1a et 1b, des exemples de panneau de protection balistique selon l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 2, un exemple d'assemblage de panneaux du type de la figure 1 pour former une structure protectrice ;
  • la figure 3, un exemple de réalisation possible d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 4a et 4b, une illustration du principe de réalisation d'un tissage à deux dimensions ;
  • les figures 5a, 5b et 5c, une illustration des principes de réalisation d'un tissage à trois dimensions ;
  • la figure 6, un exemple possible de tissage pour former une dernière couche d'un dispositif selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 7, une illustration d'un procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent with the aid of the following description made with reference to appended drawings which represent:
  • the Figures 1a and 1b examples of ballistic protection panel according to the prior art;
  • the figure 2 , an example of assembly of panels of the type of the figure 1 to form a protective structure;
  • the figure 3 an exemplary possible embodiment of a protection device according to the invention;
  • the Figures 4a and 4b an illustration of the principle of making a two-dimensional weave;
  • the figures 5a , 5b and 5c , an illustration of the principles of realization of a weaving in three dimensions;
  • the figure 6 a possible example of weaving to form a last layer of a device according to the invention;
  • the figure 7 , an illustration of a method of producing a device according to the invention.

Les figures 1a et 1b présentent un exemple de panneau de protection balistique 1 selon l'art antérieur. Ce panneau comporte plusieurs couches 11, 12, 13 juxtaposées, fixées entre elles par des couches jointives de colle 10 ou des goujons filetés 14. La couche extérieure est par exemple en matériau de type céramique alors que la couche centrale 12 est en acier, la couche 13 en matériau de type composite. Selon l'épaisseur, notamment de cette couche centrale 12, le panneau est plus ou moins lourd. Dans tous les cas d'application, son poids est un obstacle.
Les couches 11, 12 peuvent par ailleurs lors de l'impact d'un projectile balistique produire des effets arrières tels que des éclats. Ces effets sont généralement nuisibles voire dangereux pour l'environnement, en particulier pour les personnes.The Figures 1a and 1b show an example of a ballistic protection panel 1 according to the prior art. This panel comprises several layers 11, 12, 13 juxtaposed, fixed together by adhesive layers of adhesive 10 or threaded studs 14. The outer layer is for example of ceramic material while the central layer 12 is made of steel, the layer 13 of composite type material. Depending on the thickness, in particular of this central layer 12, the panel is more or less heavy. In all cases of application, its weight is an obstacle.
The layers 11, 12 may also during the impact of a ballistic projectile produce rear effects such as splinters. These effects are generally harmful or even dangerous for the environment, especially for people.

La figure 2 présente un assemblage de panneaux 1 du type de celui de la figure 1 pour une application d'un matériel 21. L'assemblage réalisé épouse autant que possible la forme de ce matériel 21, mais de façon non optimale.
Les deux panneaux sont reliés entre eux au niveau de leurs tranches en formant un angle saillant 22 en raison du contour adopté. Cet angle peut faciliter la détection de l'ensemble par des systèmes radar, en augmentant notamment la surface radar équivalente.
La figure 3 présente un exemple de réalisation possible d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention. Le dispositif est représenté par une vue partielle en coupe. La partie représentée est plane mais elle peut avantageusement prendre toutes sortes d'autres formes. Le panneau de la figure 3 est formé d'un matériau composite monobloc comportant trois couches 31, 32, 33 solidaires réalisées dans un même moule.
La première couche 31 est disposée du côté de la menace, en l'occurrence l'arrivée d'un projectile balistique 30. Elle est par exemple composée de fibres d'aramide noyée dans de la résine. Les fibres sont préalablement tissées à sec selon un tissage en deux dimensions. Le tissu sec forme le renfort de la couche 31 plusieurs couches de tissus étant nécessaires pour obtenir l'épaisseur souhaitée de la couche 31 obtenue par moulage par transfert de résine, comme cela sera décrit par la suite.
Les figures 4a et 4b illustrent le principe de réalisation d'un tissage à deux dimensions, respectivement par une vue en coupe et par une vue de dessus. Classiquement, les mailles se croisent selon les deux dimensions, c'est-à-dire dans un plan, formant un renfort régulier. La figure 4b montre un exemple où les fils de la trame et de chaîne se croisent perpendiculairement. Il est possible de prévoir un tissage où les fils se croisent selon un angle différent de 90°, par exemple selon un angle compris entre 30° et 60°.
La première couche 31 a par exemple une épaisseur de l'ordre de 1 à 1,5 millimètres. Le nombre de renforts superposés pour obtenir l'épaisseur souhaitée peut être déterminé a priori.
Cette première couche calibre au minimum le diamètre de pénétration, elle diminue la profondeur de pénétration. Elle empêche par ailleurs les effets arrière précités.
La deuxième couche 32 comporte des fibres de verre et des fibres de carbone fixées dans la matrice. Ces fibres sont préalablement tissées à sec, selon un tissage en trois dimensions par exemple. Ce tissu sec forme le renfort de la couche 32.
Les figures 5a 5b et 5c illustrent le principe de réalisation d'un tissage en trois dimensions. Ce tissage comporte un premier renfort de fibres 51 et 51' selon un tissage plan, en deux dimensions, du type de celui des figures 4a et 4b. Dans le cas de la deuxième couche 32, ce renfort est par exemple composé de fibres de verre 51 dans une direction et de fibres de carbone 51' dans l'autre direction. Comme pour le tissage de la première couche, ces deux directions peuvent être orientées selon un angle inférieur ou égal à 90°, compris par exemple entre 30° et 90°.
A ce premier renfort se superpose un deuxième renfort identique au premier, positionné en symétrie miroir par rapport au premier.
La cohésion des deux renforts dans la troisième direction se fait, soit par couture avec des fils 52, soit par un film de colle 53. Cette deuxième couche a un rôle prépondérant dans la mesure où elle casse le projectile ou le bloque, et dissipe l'énergie due au choc. La taille des mailles du tissage est notamment adaptée au diamètre des projectiles. En ce qui concerne l'épaisseur, elle est aussi adaptée au type de projectile et notamment de son pouvoir pénétrant. Une épaisseur de l'ordre de 50 à 80 millimètres peut être nécessaire. Les renforts tissés nécessaires sont empilés en nombre suffisant pour obtenir l'épaisseur souhaitée.
La troisième couche 33 est par exemple composée de renforts tissés liés deux par deux dans le procédé de tissage, ces renforts étant ensuite juxtaposés pour obtenir l'épaisseur souhaitée. Un premier renfort comporte une première nappe, par exemple en fibre de carbone ou fibre de verre, liée à une deuxième nappe par passage d'un fil de trame ou de chaîne de la première nappe dans la deuxième, par exemple en fibre d'aramide dans le cas de cette couche 33.
La figure 6 illustre un type de lien possible entre les deux renforts. Un premier renfort 61 est vu du dessus. Des fils de trame ou chaîne 62 de l'autre renfort, situé en dessous, croisent des mailles de ce premier renfort 61 pour fixer entre elles les deux renforts. Le tissage des renforts est par exemple réalisé selon un maillage fin.
En particulier, cette troisième couche 33 encaisse la déformation résiduelle de la deuxième couche 32, dissipe l'onde de choc. Elle apporte notamment la résistance avec la continuité de la matière, par dissipation des contraintes mécaniques dans toute la face arrière.
La troisième couche 33 a par exemple une épaisseur de l'ordre de la moitié de l'épaisseur de la deuxième couche 32.
Les épaisseurs des couches sont adaptées au niveau de protection recherché.
Des couches de protection 34, 35 sont par exemple fixées de chaque côté de l'ensemble formé des trois couches 31, 32, 33. Un film conducteur ou une peinture adaptée peuvent être appliqués sur ces couches.The figure 2 presents an assembly of panels 1 of the type of that of the figure 1 for an application of a material 21. The assembly made as close as possible to the shape of this material 21, but not optimally.
The two panels are interconnected at their slices forming a projecting angle 22 because of the adopted contour. This angle can facilitate the detection of the whole by radar systems, notably by increasing the equivalent radar surface.
The figure 3 presents an exemplary possible embodiment of a protection device according to the invention. The device is represented by a partial sectional view. The part shown is flat but it can advantageously take all kinds of other forms. The panel of the figure 3 is formed of a monoblock composite material comprising three layers 31, 32, 33 integral formed in the same mold.
The first layer 31 is disposed on the side of the threat, in this case the arrival of a ballistic projectile 30. It is for example composed of aramid fibers embedded in resin. The fibers are previously dry woven according to a two-dimensional weave. The dry fabric forms the reinforcement of the layer 31, several layers of tissue being necessary to obtain the desired thickness of the layer 31 obtained by resin transfer molding, as will be described later.
The Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the principle of producing a two-dimensional weave, respectively by a sectional view and a top view. Classically, the meshes cross in two dimensions, that is to say in a plane, forming a regular reinforcement. The figure 4b shows an example where the threads of the weft and warp intersect perpendicularly. It is possible to provide a weave where the son intersect at an angle other than 90 °, for example at an angle between 30 ° and 60 °.
The first layer 31 has for example a thickness of the order of 1 to 1.5 millimeters. The number of reinforcements superimposed to obtain the desired thickness can be determined a priori.
This first layer caliber at least the penetration diameter, it decreases the depth of penetration. It also prevents the aforementioned rear effects.
The second layer 32 comprises glass fibers and carbon fibers fixed in the matrix. These fibers are previously woven dry, according to a weaving in three dimensions, for example. This dry fabric forms the reinforcement of the layer 32.
The figures 5a 5b and 5c illustrate the principle of making a weaving in three dimensions. This weave comprises a first fiber reinforcement 51 and 51 'according to a planar weave, in two dimensions, of the type of that of Figures 4a and 4b . In the case of the second layer 32, this reinforcement is for example composed of glass fibers 51 in one direction and carbon fibers 51 'in the other direction. As for the weaving of the first layer, these two directions can be oriented at an angle less than or equal to 90 °, for example between 30 ° and 90 °.
To this first reinforcement is superimposed a second reinforcement identical to the first, positioned in mirror symmetry with respect to the first.
The cohesion of the two reinforcements in the third direction is done, either by sewing with threads 52, or by a glue film 53. This second layer has a preponderant role insofar as it breaks the projectile or the block, and dissipates the energy due to shock. The size of the meshes of the weaving is particularly adapted to the diameter of the projectiles. Regarding the thickness, it is also adapted to the type of projectile and in particular its penetrating power. A thickness of the order of 50 to 80 millimeters may be necessary. The necessary woven reinforcements are stacked in sufficient number to obtain the desired thickness.
The third layer 33 is for example composed of woven reinforcements linked in pairs in the weaving process, these reinforcements then being juxtaposed to obtain the desired thickness. A first reinforcement comprises a first ply, for example made of carbon fiber or fiberglass, bonded to a second ply by passing a weft or warp thread from the first ply into the second ply, for example aramid fiber in the case of this layer 33.
The figure 6 illustrates one type of possible link between the two reinforcements. A first reinforcement 61 is seen from above. Weft son or chain 62 of the other reinforcement, located below, intersect meshes of this first reinforcement 61 to fix between them the two reinforcements. The weaving of the reinforcements is for example made according to a fine mesh.
In particular, this third layer 33 cash the residual deformation of the second layer 32, dissipates the shock wave. It brings in particular the resistance with the continuity of the material, by dissipation of the mechanical stresses in all the back face.
The third layer 33 has for example a thickness of the order of half the thickness of the second layer 32.
The thicknesses of the layers are adapted to the desired level of protection.
Protective layers 34, 35 are for example fixed on each side of the assembly formed of the three layers 31, 32, 33. A conductive film or a suitable paint may be applied to these layers.

La figure 7 illustre un procédé connu de réalisation d'une pièce en matériau composite obtenue par moulage par transfert de résine. Selon l'invention, les trois couches 31, 32, 33 sont moulées avec de la résine, en une seule pièce, pour former un matériau composite monobloc. Plus particulièrement, toutes les couches sont mouillées en même temps par la résine. Elles ne sont pas collées entre elles.
L'ensemble des trois couches est formé de tissus superposés 71, 72, 73. Chaque couche se caractérise par son type de tissu. Le nombre de couches de tissus de chaque couche 31, 32, 33 dépend du niveau ou du type de protection recherché comme indiqué ci-dessus. Ces couches sont empilées au fond d'un moule 70, représenté en coupe, dont la forme intérieure correspond à la forme que l'on cherche à donner au dispositif de protection. Un très grand nombre de formes est ainsi possible.
Le dessus du moule est fermé par un couvercle 74, en fait une bâche en plastique semi-perméable. Des joints 75 disposés entre la bâche et le moule permettent d'assurer l'étanchéité et ainsi de bien fermer le moule.
Dans une première phase, les collections de tissus secs 71, 72, 73 sont donc empilés au fond du moule, puis ce dernier est fermé par la bâche 74. Ensuite, une pompe à vide 77 est activée. Celle ci est reliée par un conduit 78 à l'intérieur du moule. Ce conduit 78 débouche à un endroit situé au niveau des couches de tissus, sensiblement opposé à celui où débouche l'arrivée 76 de résine. Dans la phase suivante, en manoeuvrant le robinet d'arrêt 79, de la résine liquide est envoyée à l'intérieur du moule par un conduit adapté 76 placé en sorte que la résine pénètre l'ensemble des couches. Une grille située au niveau du conduit 78 de la pompe à vide stoppe l'écoulement de la résine.
Avantageusement, des surépaisseurs ponctuelles de tissus peuvent être réalisées en certains endroits pour réaliser des renforts ou pour contenir des inserts.
La résine utilisée peut être de la résine époxy ou de la résine phénolique. Ce dernier type de résine a notamment comme avantage d'être un très bon isolant thermique, ce qui améliore la tenue au feu.
Dans le bilan global de la masse d'un dispositif selon l'invention, la proportion de résine, formant la matrice, peut être par exemple de l'ordre de 30% et la proportion de tissus peut être de l'ordre de 70%. Une telle structure permet d'obtenir un gain de poids très important tout en assurant une très bonne résistance mécanique comme l'ont démontré les essais réalisés par la Déposante.The figure 7 illustrates a known method of producing a composite material part obtained by resin transfer molding. According to the invention, the three layers 31, 32, 33 are molded with resin, in one piece, to form a single-piece composite material. More particularly, all the layers are wetted at the same time by the resin. They are not stuck together.
The set of three layers is formed of superimposed fabrics 71, 72, 73. Each layer is characterized by its type of fabric. The number of tissue layers of each layer 31, 32, 33 depends on the level or type of protection sought as indicated above. These layers are stacked at the bottom of a mold 70, shown in section, whose inner shape corresponds to the shape that is sought to give the protective device. A very large number of forms is thus possible.
The top of the mold is closed by a cover 74, in fact a semi-permeable plastic cover. Seals 75 arranged between the cover and the mold make it possible to seal and thus to close the mold.
In a first phase, the dry tissue collections 71, 72, 73 are therefore stacked at the bottom of the mold, then the latter is closed by the cover 74. Then, a vacuum pump 77 is activated. This is connected by a conduit 78 inside the mold. This conduit 78 opens at a location at the level of the tissue layers, substantially opposite that which opens the arrival 76 of resin. In the next phase, by operating the stopcock 79, liquid resin is sent to the inside of the mold by a suitable conduit 76 placed so that the resin penetrates all the layers. A gate located at the duct 78 of the vacuum pump stops the flow of the resin.
Advantageously, spot thicknesses of tissue may be made in some places to make reinforcements or to contain inserts.
The resin used may be epoxy resin or phenolic resin. This last type of resin has the particular advantage of being a very good thermal insulator, which improves the fire resistance.
In the overall balance of the mass of a device according to the invention, the proportion of resin, forming the matrix, can be for example of the order of 30% and the proportion of tissue can be of the order of 70% . Such a structure provides a very significant weight gain while ensuring a very good mechanical strength as demonstrated by the tests performed by the Applicant.

Claims (16)

Dispositif de protection contre des projectiles balistiques, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins trois couches (31, 32, 33) de tissus synthétiques formant les renforts d'une même pièce obtenue par moulage par transfert de résine, la couche du milieu (32) comportant un tissu comprenant des fibres de verre croisées avec des fibres de carbone.Protective device against ballistic projectiles, characterized in that it comprises at least three layers (31, 32, 33) of synthetic fabrics forming the reinforcements of the same piece obtained by resin transfer molding, the middle layer ( 32) comprising a fabric comprising glass fibers crossed with carbon fibers. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche du milieu (32) est tissée dans un renfort à trois dimensions, les fibres de verres (51) et les fibres de carbone (51') étant tissées dans un renfort à deux dimensions, les fibres de verre étant orientées selon une première direction et les fibres de carbone étant orientées selon une deuxième direction, la cohésion dans la troisième direction étant assurée par une liaison (52) entre ces renforts disposés deux à deux en symétrie miroir.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle layer (32) is woven in a three-dimensional reinforcement, the glass fibers (51) and the carbon fibers (51 ') being woven into a two-dimensional reinforcement , the glass fibers being oriented in a first direction and the carbon fibers being oriented in a second direction, the cohesion in the third direction being provided by a connection (52) between these reinforcements arranged two by two in mirror symmetry. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux directions se croisent selon un angle inférieur à 90°.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the two directions intersect at an angle less than 90 °. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux directions se croisent selon un angle compris entre 30° et 60°.Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the two directions intersect at an angle of between 30 ° and 60 °. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième trame (52) est composée de fibres de carbone ou de fibres de verre.Device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the second frame (52) is composed of carbon fibers or glass fibers. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la liaison (52) relève d'un procédé de collage.Device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the connection (52) is a bonding process. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans la première couche (31), orientée vers les projectiles, le tissu est composé de fibres d'aramide.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first layer (31) facing the projectiles, the fabric is composed of aramid fibers. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans la première couche (31), orientée vers les projectiles, le tissu est composé de fibres tissées en deux dimensions, selon deux directions faisant entre elles un angle inférieur ou égal à 90°.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first layer (31) facing the projectiles, the fabric is composed of fibers woven in two dimensions, in two directions forming between them an angle less than or equal to 90 °. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'angle est compris entre 30° et 60°.Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the angle is between 30 ° and 60 °. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la troisième couche (33) est composée de renforts de tissus (61, 62) liés deux par deux.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third layer (33) is composed of fabric reinforcements (61, 62) connected in pairs. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un ensemble de deux renforts (61, 62) liés deux à deux comporte un premier renfort en fibres de carbone ou de verre lié à un deuxième renfort en fibres d'aramide.Device according to claim 10, characterized in that a set of two reinforcements (61, 62) connected in pairs comprises a first reinforcement of carbon fibers or glass bonded to a second reinforcement of aramid fibers. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tissu de la troisième couche (33) comporte un maillage plus fin que celui des autres couches (31, 32).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabric of the third layer (33) has a finer mesh than that of the other layers (31, 32). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque couche (31, 32, 33) comporte un empilement de couches de tissus (71, 72, 73), le nombre de couches de tissu dépendant de l'épaisseur souhaitée et du pouvoir d'arrêt des projectiles.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each layer (31, 32, 33) comprises a stack of fabric layers (71, 72, 73), the number of layers of fabric depending on the desired thickness. and the stopping power of the projectiles. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la troisième couche (33) est moitié de l'épaisseur de la couche du milieu (32).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the third layer (33) is half the thickness of the middle layer (32). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la résine est une résine phénolique.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resin is a phenolic resin. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de résine est de 30% et la proportion de tissus est de 70%.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of resin is 30% and the proportion of fabrics is 70%.
EP20080169725 2007-11-23 2008-11-21 Ballistic protective device Not-in-force EP2063214B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0708220A FR2924210B1 (en) 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 BALISTICAL PROTECTION DEVICE

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EP2063214A1 true EP2063214A1 (en) 2009-05-27
EP2063214B1 EP2063214B1 (en) 2011-06-08

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GB2250470A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-06-10 Shrinemark Limited Protective sheet material
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US20090155523A1 (en) 2009-06-18
FR2924210A1 (en) 2009-05-29
EP2063214B1 (en) 2011-06-08
US7846854B2 (en) 2010-12-07

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